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Tetracycline is the most widely prescribed antibiotic for acne. The usual starting dose is 500 mg twice a day continued until a significant decrease in acne lesions is seen. The dose can then be decreased to 250 mg twice a day or discontinued. The main drawback for this antibiotic is that it must be taken on an empty stomach to be the most effective. Tetracycline works on acne in two central ways: reduces bacteria in the follicles and on the skin surface, and as an anti-inflammatory. The problem with tetracycline is that it's a wide spectrum antibiotic, meaning it will destroy a broad range of bacteria, including the ‘good bacteria’ that your body truly needs. Tetracycline side effects include stomach upsets such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, including many forms of skin rash and yeast infections. If you decide to take an oral contraceptive pill there is a small possibility that tetracycline can cause the pill to be less effective to prevent pregnancy.
Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a drug categorized under the group of retinoids. which are similar to vitamin A. Accutane, like other retinoids, works by altering DNA transcription. This affect decreases the size and output of sebaceous glands. It also makes the cells that are sloughed off into the sebaceous glands less sticky, and therefore less able to form blackheads and whiteheads (comedones). It also reduces the number of bacteria in the sebaceous gland and on the skin surface. Though considered as the most effective drug against severe acne, Accutane is found to cause certain serious side effects. Chapped lips, dry skin and itching, dryness of nose, mild nosebleed, joint pain, irritation of the eyelids and eyes, joint and muscle pains, temporary hair thinning, rashes, urinary symptoms, headache and psychiatric problems like depression, hallucination and suicidal behavior are common side effects of this drug.
As for the moisturizer, it is best to consult a dermatologist to get the moisturizer best for your skin. Certain moisturizers designed for use on acne-prone skin will help maintain the balance of moisture. Look for products with labeling that includes the words "noncomedogenic" or "for acne-prone skin." These products will not contain ingredients that worsen acne. Most of these products now contain a sunscreen and will counter the increased sun sensitivity caused by acne medications.
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